dock pay for salaried employees: 从员工工资里扣除的意思。dock在这里的意思就是deduct, withhold, recoup。整句话的英文意思就是deduct from someone's wages。美国的员工分全职(exempt employees)和小时工(nonexempt employees)。全职的员工,如果因故旷工,公司就可以dock the payment。 关于exempt vs. nonexempt的定义,可以参考
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) Coverage (Exempt vs. Non-Exempt Employees
upshoot: 也称作upshot,就是结果,结论的意思。这个词原意是指的射箭比赛中的最后一箭。现在引申为result, conclusion的意思。例句: the upshoot of what happened is that we won't do that again.
siphon: 从拉丁文的sipho来的,意思是管道,导管。例句: Siphoning money into a secret bank account.
dog ear: 书页的摺角(folded down corner of a book page),用来标记书读到哪儿了。这个说法源于狗的耳朵是耷拉着的,而狐狸的耳朵是竖着的。所以,用狗耳朵来形容,很形象。例句: A dog ear can serve as a bookmark.
infraction: 违规的意思。这个词来源于拉丁文的infractio. 词根是infract. 就是断裂的意思。而infraction就是违背法规的意思. 同类的词还有infringe。例子: traffic infraction, 就是交通违规.
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